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Falling Stars! |
Musick, Magick, And Mayhem:
Led Zeppelin’s Rock n’ Roll Deal With The Devil
“…Them that call evil good, and good evil…” - Isaiah 5:20 (KJV).
Led Zeppelin was a hard rock band formed in England in September 1968. The group consisted of Jimmy Page (guitar), John Paul Jones (bass/keyboards), John Bonham (drums/ percussion), and Robert Plant (vocals). Their musical styles included acid rock (psychedelic rock), hard rock, blues-based rock, blues, and folk music. The band recorded and played before “live” audiences until drummer John Bonham’s death in September 1980. The surviving members of Led Zeppelin released a statement to the press in December 1980 saying, “We wish it to be known that the loss of our dear friend, and the deep sense of undivided harmony felt by ourselves and our manager, have led us to decide that we could not continue as we were”* (1). Even so, the popularity of their ballad “Stairway To Heaven” is the most requested* (2) and most played* (3) song on FM radio. Their record albums are among the all-time top sellers, and five of Led Zeppelin’s eight studio albums have received a Diamond Award* (4), which acknowledges 10 million copies sold. Their record catalog to date has sold more than 300 million copies worldwide *(5).
My initiation into the music of Led Zeppelin took place in 1984, shortly after I dropped out of college as a freshman. It was then that my best friend and I began smoking marijuana on a regular basis. It was through my younger brother Russell that I came to know a classmate of his who I dubbed “the Jelmaster” (his initials are E.O.). E.O.’s nickname – “the Jelmaster” – came into being because at times he referred to those who took drugs as “the jels”. In a short time friends shortened “Jelmaster” to “the master”, and his house was the place where I almost always found weekend parties (also many weekday parties, too). It was usually the place I often resorted to when I wasn’t working at my part-time job at the pizza parlor. I used alcohol and marijuana and also occasionally used other drugs when partying with friends. But it was through “the master” that I was introduced to a subtle but powerful “drug” that has always had its influence and effect on the listener. This “drug” is the arousing and hypnotic sound of Led Zeppelin. At the house of “the master” was the place I listened to the music of Led Zeppelin exclusively. Led Zeppelin’s music had a quality and a depth that I was unable to “put my finger on”, and it was under the influence of marijuana one night that “the master” explained to me the meaning of the lyrics of “Stairway To Heaven” (a section toward the end of this writing describes the meaning and message in the lyrics). I never seemed to get enough of the drugs and the music. John Bonham and his band mates had rock god status in my life.
Taking drugs prior to listening to the music of Led Zeppelin allowed me to remain in a hypnotic state for hours at a time. I lived for the thrill of the dangerous game of playing with Satan and sin. Because I continued to use drugs, I became bolder and more reckless. Yet even though I served sin and Satan instead of serving God during those years I am grateful that my mother raised my brother and I in a church, for it was in those days that I accepted Jesus Christ as my personal Saviour. So I knew that if I became suddenly trapped or paralyzed by the devil I could call on Jesus to save me.
The Lord was watching over me in the year 1985 when I was under the influence of marijuana and riding my motorcycle at high speed to my job where my former Methodist pastor resided. I discovered that I had bitten off more than I could chew that day, when a car pulled out in front of me I crashed into the back fender of the car ahead of it. The crash caused me to have a spinal cord injury and paralysis of my legs, but the Lord Jesus spared me from death and He gave me the chance to have life.
By 1989 I had given up drinking and decided to remain sober, largely because I did not want to endanger the lives of other motorists. In September 1989 John Bonham’s only son Jason released his self-titled album – Bonham – at the age of 23. In the center of Bonham’s playlist was a song called “Dreams”. The message of the song took hold of me in a powerful way, with the song seeming to say, “I have survived. I am here to tell you there is hope. You have dreams that are yet to become reality.” I saw that young Jason suffered a tragedy by losing his father yet for me his message was a message of hope:
| Oh don't you think about it
What you could do What you could do with your life Oh don't you think about it Sometimes… |
Sometimes…
Lift it up Oh so high Reach for the sky Never give up! |
Jason employed a symbol on Bonham that serves as a memory of his father John Bonham. The symbol comes from Led Zeppelin IV, produced by Jimmy Page in 1971, and is also known as Four Runes, Four Symbols, Four Sticks, or The Fourth Album* (6). The album appeared in record stores without song titles or the band’s name. Instead, four symbols or runes are printed on the inner jacket and record label, each symbol serving to identify one of the four band members. Bonham’s symbol is made up of three interlocking rings (third image from left).
Led Zeppelin never revealed the true meanings of the runes publicly, but during the 1990 Bonham Tribute radio special “It's Been A Long Time”, Jason stated that John’s symbol represents the trinity of man, woman, and child* (7). Jason incorporated the symbol into the Bonham band name/album title itself by adjusting the size of the “three rings” symbol and turning it ninety (90) degrees counter-clockwise, so that it forms the “B” in Bonham (on the right). Due to the connection, triumph, and “high” I experienced in the Spring of 1990 through Bonham and “Dreams”, I felt compelled to have my arm tattooed with this symbol (my first and only tattoo). Although I especially liked the symbol because I regarded it to represent the Christian Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Ghost), in reality it represents the “unholy” trinity of Satan.
In deciding on the location of my tattoo (image to the right), I chose to have it placed on the inner side of my upper arm (biceps), to represent the power John Bonham demonstrated with his drumming which helped propel Led Zeppelin’s music. Also, the tattoo would represent Jason having kept his chin up through adversity of losing his father, and since he chose the family name of Bonham for his band/album it served as a reminder of that, and for me to “never give up”. Note: It was years later that I became aware that God forbids his people from marking (tattooing) their bodies (Leviticus 19:28), or making images of God (symbols or statues), to worship them (Leviticus 26:1). These things are practiced by pagans (idol worshipers).
Musick Was Created To Glorify God
As we examine the history and music of Led Zeppelin it is important to look at the roots of rock music and the driving force behind it. Music was created by God, and from the eternal past music glorified Him:
“The four and twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying, Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created” - Revelation 4:10-11 (KJV).
According to Scripture God created all things – including music – for the purpose of bringing Him pleasure and glory. Man is God’s highest creation, and he is to use music to worship God, to glorify God, and to give pleasure to God and the Lord Jesus Christ. The Bible gives us clues to the cause of music being used for purposes other than glorifying God. In Isaiah 14 we see that God pronounced judgment upon the king of Babylon. Just seven verses later is the following passage:
“How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation…I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High” - Isaiah 14:12-14 (KJV).
God also pronounces judgment on a king in Ezekiel 28, yet the judgment given here through the prophet Ezekiel addresses a being whose workmanship of “tabrets” (tambourines) and “pipes” is in him!
“Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering…the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. Thou [Lucifer] art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of God; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire. Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast created, till iniquity was found in thee. By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire. Thine heart was lifted up because of thy beauty, thou hast corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness: I wll cast thee to the ground, I will lay thee before kings, that they may behold thee” - Ezekiel 28:12, 15, 17 (KJV).
In these verses we see that Lucifer was “lifted up” with the sin of pride because he was worshipping his own “beauty” and “brightness”. Lucifer fell from heaven, and became Satan (the “adversary”). When God allowed Satan (Lucifer) to tempt Jesus to offer him worship in the wilderness, Jesus said, “Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve[!]” (Luke 4:8). Lucifer was created with the ability to produce music and therefore must have been greatly used in this capacity, for he is said to be was created “full of wisdom” (Ezekiel 28:12). But Lucifer began looking to himself, desiring to be worshipped. This is where of the perversion of the gift of music began. Satan. (Lucifer) desires to manipulate the musical gift that God places in men and women so that he can receive the worship that is deserved by God, and God only.
Why Do We Call It “Rock n’ Roll”?
Now that we know that Lucifer the archangel who was created with musical ability and instruments fell into sin and was laid low by the Lord, we have a clue as to the music created to be worship to the Lord became a thing of selfishness and pride. The term ROCK AND ROLL was first used in the 1920s by blacks to indicate partying, carrying on, and/or having sex* (9). “Rock n’ roll” has also been used to describe the motion teenagers make in an automobile when they use it for the purpose of illicit sex. ROCK AND ROLL is therefore an appropriate label for the sexually charged music it describes.
Rock n’ roll stars Little Richard, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Chuck Berry are among the best known rock musicians of the 1950s. True rock (including “Christian” rock) is driven by raw sexual energy. The flamboyant and egocentric personalities combined with wild on-stage gyrations of these rock stars is what the public sees of their “loose-living”. The expression “Sex, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll” was the herald of the 1960’s, demonstrating the heart of rock music: rebellion against authority! By design rock n’ roll creates rebellion in young people, and it hangs on to make seekers of pleasure out of older folks, too!
The roots of rock are much older that most people think (read about witchcraft and rock music in Spellbound?). They go all the way back to the witchdoctors of ancient Africa! Demons use rock music to bring its worldly and sensual influence to its listeners. As rock music corrupts and destroys a society’s moral fabric, it becomes desensitized to the “wicked evil” heaped upon it. The rebelliousness of rock and the selfishness of the “me generation” is now accepted or tolerated by most. This reality is seen in the “frog and the hot pot” illustration: If a live frog is thrown into a pot of boiling water he jumps out immediately. But if the fire is increased gradually then he doesn’t know that he has been set up for the kill, and getting boiled alive. That’s what I call a slow burn! And that’s the way that SIN is. Likewise, a former KGB agent said Communist rulers have used this “slow burn” strategy to overthrow nations by constantly presenting propaganda that BREAKS DOWN THE ONCE-HELD VALUES AND STANDARDS OF THE SOCIETY. The propaganda provokes shock and disdain upon its introduction to its “target” population. But after 20 years of bombarding the people’s eyes and ears with odd doctrines that they once strongly opposed, the brainwashing techniques break down their resolve, and they are prepared to be ENSLAVED* (10). Ruthless Communist Joseph Stalin said that THE WAY TO DESTROY THE YOUTH of a nation is through music and drugs* (11). The powerful drug of rock music has captivated America like MAGICK.
Magickal Design Of Zeppelin’s Musick
As we look behind the scenes at the music of Led Zeppelin we soon discover the religion of magick (“magick” is the archaic spelling of Black Magician Aleister Crowley who has mentored Jimmy Page in the ways of witchcraft). This article offers evidence that the music of Led Zeppelin is driven by satanism and witchcraft (magick). Below are Webster’s 1828 Dictionary definitions for 1) “religion”, 2) “magic(k)”, and 3) “magician”:
1) RELIGION, n. … Any religion consisting in the belief of a superior power or powers governing the world, and in the worship of such power or powers...
2) MAG'IC, n. The art or science of putting into action the power of spirits; or the science of producing wonderful effects by the aid of superhuman beings, or of departed spirits [necromancy]; sorcery; enchantment.”
3) MAGI'CIAN, n. One skilled in magic; one that practices the black art; an enchanter; a necromancer; a sorcerer or sorceress.
“Black Magic” is defined by Wikipedia (Wikipedia.com, emphasis mine) as “a type of magic that draws on malevolent powers. It may be used for malevolent acts or to deliberately cause harm in some way. It is alternatively spelt with a 'k' (magick), this term is also known as black magick, dark magick, the dark arts of magick and dark side magick.
“In modern times, people who believe in or claim to practice magic use the term to describe the harmful magic that they consider taboo, as opposed to the good white magic that they do profess to practice.
“Black magic would be invoked to kill, injure, or cause destruction, or for personal gain without regard to harmful consequences to others. As a term, "black magic" is normally used to describe a form of ritual that some group or person does not approve of…”
As Wikipedia’s definition of “black magick” tells us, the term is used in modern times to differentiate between what is called “good” or “white” magick by people who practice it. While intentions and motivations are important, true “magick” has always been a means to alter one’s reality according to his or her desires or what they deem to be beneficial to people, animals, or nature – by supernatural power. Black Magick practitioner Aleister Crowley’s fellow Britons referred to him as “the wickedest man in the world”, and in his “The Book Of The Law” he taught the religious doctrine, “Do what thou wilt.” If one is to understand the beliefs and goals of Led Zeppelin, it becomes necessary to look at the teachings and practices of Aleister Crowley.
“The Beast – 666”
Aleister Crowley was born Edward Alexander Crowley on October 12, 1875, in Warwickshire, England. The occultic teachings of Crowley have had a tremendous influence on Jimmy Page, who has followed after Crowley to continue in his “Great Work” (leading others into union with Satan) through the music of Led Zeppelin. Ironically, Crowley’s parents were part of the Plymouth Brethren, a strict Bible-believing sect. Aleister’s father, Edward Crowley, ministered as a traveling evangelist but he also earned income from a brewery which left Aleister with the generous inheritance that enabled him to publish his many books and writings.
When Aleister was eleven years old his father died of tongue cancer. It was then that he began attending boarding school and in his dairies he wrote with disdain for the hypocrisy of the schoolmasters. Aleister seemed to follow his father’s guidance before losing him early in life, yet he admitted that he identified with God’s enemies when he read the Bible, especially the person who is called “The Beast” in the Book of Revelation. What he says he experienced at the boarding school gave him the excuse he was looking for to give himself over to Satan completely.
In “The Confessions Of Aleister Crowley” he writes of his early years (in the third person):
“After the death of his father to whom he was very close, he drifted from his religious upbringing, and his mother's efforts at keeping her son in the Christian faith only served to provoke his skepticism. When he was a child, his constant rebellious behaviour displeased his mother to such an extent she would chastise him by calling him "The Beast" (from the Book of Revelation), an epithet that Crowley would later adopt for himself. He objected to the labeling of what he saw as life's most worthwhile and enjoyable activities as "sinful".”
In “Confessions” Crowley wrote that he and his father were “very close”. His father’s death was a pivotal point in young life as he said that this was when he drifted from his “religious upbringing”. He also said that “when he was a child” his “constant rebellious behaviour” displeased his mother. The bitterness of Crowley’s heart drove him to rebel against God and the natural order. He sought to defy God with everything in himself. Crowley attended Cambridge University, where he revelled in drunkenness, drug use, and sodomy. It was during that time that Crowley wrote a poem called “Alcedama, A Place to Bury Strangers in”, which included the following statement: “I was in the death struggle with self: God and Satan fought for my soul those three long hours. God conquered - now I have only one doubt left - which of the twain was God?”* (12)
Crowley takes a mocking tone with his statement, having been apathetic toward sin and the convicting power of God. Crowley confessed that he was reluctant to give up his intellectual belief in Christianity, because if he had done so, then “What would be the fun in fighting against it?”* (13). Having given himself to Satan, he says, “I had been almost overwhelmed by the appalling responsibility of ensuring my own damnation and helping others to escape from Jesus”* (14). Crowley summed up his hatred for Christianity in his book “The World’s Tragedy”. This book contained Crowley’s confession of the plan and goal for his life: “That religion they call Christianity; the devil they honour they call God. I accept these definitions, as a poet must do, if he is to be at all intelligible to his age, and it is their God and their religion that I hate and will destroy.”* (15)
“The Wickedest Man In The World”
Forsaking his Christian upbringing, Crowley instead chose to worship Satan as the “Most High”. Crowley was a member of magickal orders The Hermetic Order Of The Golden Dawn, The O.T.O (Ordo Templi Orientis) and he founded the magickal, satanic cult Argenteum Astrum (Latin for “Silver Star”) and the “Abbey of Thelema”, a commune on the island of Sicily that was used as a temple and a training ground for Crowley’s magick and mind control experiments* (16).
“Thelema” (Greek word for “will”) was the word that Crowley used to describe his magickal philosophy and doctrine. Thelema represented not only an individual’s wishes or desires, but also a sense of a person's destiny or greater purpose, which Crowley called “True Will”. An observer writing of the purpose of the Abbey described it as a place where the lives of the members were “spent not in laws, statues, or rules, but according to their own free will and pleasure”* (17). Crowley was a perverted drug fiend who practiced the unconscionable acts of pedophelia and human sacrifice, and participated in “sex magick” as part of his Satanic rituals. He sunk into the moral abyss of bestiality as he led one of his female followers in ritual copulation (sex) with a he-goat* (18). The purpose of “sex magick” is demonic power, as stated in this “Cutting Edge” news article* (19):
“…Crowley was recognized as the foremost worshipper of Satan in the 20th Century. "The origin of this...medieval magic...can be traced to a Freemason, Robert Little, who founded the Societas Rosicruciana in 1865"* (20). While the actual sexual perversions which were practiced are too offensive to share, the results are not. Ravenscroft stated that "indulgence in the most sadistic rituals awakened penetrating vision into the workings of Evil Intelligences and bestowed phenomenal magical powers"”* (21).
The lives of Thelema members were disrupted after one of the Abbey members died from complications of drinking cat blood* (22). Another of the Abbey members reported the incident to the English press, and Mussolini’s fascist government closed down the Abbey and expelled Crowley from Italy. It was then that the English press dubbed Crowley as “The Wickedest Man In The World”.
The House That Crowley Haunted
In his pursuit of power and the devil himself, Crowley sought to perform the magickal Abramelin Operation, a ritual introduced to him by the leader of The Hermetic Order Of The Golden Dawn,Samuel L. Mathers. The ritual is derived from The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage, which Mathers translated into English from French. By performing the Abramelin ritual Crowley sought to gain the “knowledge and conversation" of the Holy Guardian Angel” – knowledge of his purpose from “heaven”. The ritual demands strict and daily preparations for six months before any contact with one’s angel occurs. Because the ritual was prolonged and demanding, Crowley needed a secluded place to perform it. After much searching he found Boleskine House in 1899, which was named for its location within Boleskine Parish in the Scottish Highlands. The house sits next to a cemetary, on the shore of mysterious Loch Ness.
After the preparation period of the Abramelin is fulfilled, the magician’s “Holy Guardian Angel” is expected to appear, and reveal magical secrets. After this, the magician must evoke the “12 Kings and Dukes of Hell” who are accompanied by a group familiar spirits. The magician is supposed to bind the spirits, that he may gain command of them and remove their negative influence from his life.
In “Confessions” Crowley described the provisions necessary for the operation of the Abramelin, saying, The first essential is a house in a more or less secluded situation. There should be a door opening to the north from the room of which you make your oratory. Outside this door, you construct a terrace covered with fine river sand. This ends in a “lodge” where the spirits may congregate”* (23). The terrace that lay beyond the door was by design to provide protection for the magician. The Abramelin ritual was warned about, as magicians of the past wrote that the ritual should not be performed, because it is known to be highly dangerous* (24). Crowley began preparations required by the Abramelin ritual to invoke his “Holy Guardian Angel” and gain knowledge and purpose from him. Crowley abandoned the ritual to assist Mathers in 1901, a time when internal strife divided the Golden Dawn cult of magick* (25). Even though Crowley stopped short of completing the ritual, residents that traveled by the house believed it to be “disturbed” and resorted to climbing the slopes to go around it rather than walking past the front of the house* (26). Page bought the house in 1970 and claimed a murder that took place at the house prior to Crowley being there was the cause of his friend hearing the sound of a head rolling. He went on to say, “After Crowley [got the house] there have been suicides, [and] people carted off to mental hospitals…[etc.]”* (27). Page acknowledged his black heart in his willingness to perpetuate this legacy of pain and tragedy.
In 1904 Crowley met “society lady” Rose Kelly. The two of them courted scandal by marrying the day after they met, and traveled to Egypt, the birthplace of Lmagick* (28). Desiring to show Rose what a great magician he was, Crowley led Rose inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, where their spent their honeymoon inside Pharoah’s tomb* (29). Crowley performed invocations to conjure sylphs (spirits) for Rose’s entertainment. After returning to their apartment in Cairo, Rose began displaying very odd behavior, and began repeating the words, “They are waiting for you”* (30). When Crowley asked who was waiting, she said, “Horus”. Crowley doubted that Rose would be the one to hear from “the gods”, so he sought to test whether she was in touch with Horus. He led her to a museum where she rapidly look through rooms before stopping at exhibit #666 – a statue of Horus. This was the one she said she had seen in a vision. She told Crowley that he was to wait until noon. Crowley had 3 visits from a musical spirit he claimed was Aiwaz, but later said he was Satan* (31). The spirit dictated to Crowley what would become his “bible”, The Book Of The Law. Contained in Crowley’s “The Book Of The Law.” Crowley’s “The Book Of The Law” contains his religious philosophy of “Thelema”, summarized with “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law”. Crowley attributed receiving “The Book Of The Law” to finally completing his version of the Abramelin operation. The text was given in 3 sessions of in 1 hour each, representing the 3-in-1 god, the counterfeit trinity of Satan: Osiris (father), Isis (mother), and Horus (child). Along with being given the revelation The Book Of The Law, Crowley said he had been appointed to be the prophet of the “Aeon of Horus”. Indeed, Crowley was a prophet of Satan – the enemy of all mankind – and the spirit and teachings of Satan flow through the music of Led Zeppelin, succeeding in pulling many into a Satanic web of deception and destruction.
The Song Remains The Same: Cinematic Spell Of Led Zeppelin
The year after Page bought Boleskine House, Led Zeppelin released Led Zeppelin IV (1971), the album that features the Satanic power ballad “Stairway To Heaven”. Led Zeppelin IV contains a likeness of “The Hermit”, a character from the Tarot Cards (below) which also appears in Led Zeppelin’s “The Song Remains The Same” concert film. In the “Stairway To Heaven” poster (bottom right) and in “The Song Remains The Same” movie, “The Hermit” is depicted bearing a lantern, or light – a representation of Page becoming one with Lucifer himself, whose name is derived from “lucis” (light) and “fero” (bring): Bearer or Bringer of Light. “The Hermit” character has occult significance as Tarot Cards can be objects of divination (fortune telling/magick). The “fantasy sequence” in which Page portrays “The Hermit” character in “The Song Remains The Same” movie was filmed on the mountainside (cliff top) directly behind the former Crowley-owned Boleskine House!* (32).
I had a personal and very memorable experience during the mid- 90’s, when I visited a friend who was watching “The Song Remains The Same” one night. I had already committed my life to the Lord, and it didn’t take more than a couple of moments of the watching movie before I felt the strong demonic presence making my hair stand on end as the band continued to sing and play. I felt alarm from within that I quickly needed to get my “foot outside the door”! When my friend noticed my aroused state, he spoke to me, saying, “Are you all right?” I’ve learned more about the Satanic symbolism and Crowleyan magick since that time, and one can hear Led Zeppelin commanding their audience to sell their souls to the devil in “The Song Remains The Same”.
Stairway To Heaven/Pan-Devil
As stated at the beginning of this article, Stairway To Heaven has continued to be revered by adoring fans and is repeatedly voted as rock n’ roll’s #1 most popular song. There is a reason for this, and it is because of the demonic power behind the music. The worship of Satan, in the form of the god Pan, was a theme through all’s of Crowley writings. Jimmy Page has always been an open student of Crowley the Black Magician, and Led Zeppelin was his band. Following the teachings of Crowley, Jimmy Page and company were successful in placing his doctrines in many of their songs, the most popular and among the most powerful is “Stairway to Heaven”. Crowley taught that a musical magician would hear beautiful music he [had] “never hoped to hear” while uniting with Lucifer [Satan]* (33).
Jimmy Page and Robert Plant have gone on record by talking about Led Zeppelins’ songs being channeled through occultic “automatic handwriting”. Plant said that the lyrics for “Stairway to Heaven” were written while he was oblivious to what was happening through him:
“…Robert described the “automatic” nature of the lyric: ‘I was just sitting there with Pagey in front of a fire at Headley Grange. Pagey had written the chords and played them for me. I was holding a paper and pencil, and for some reason, I was in a very bad mood. Then all of a sudden my hand was writing out words. 'There's a lady who's sure, all that glitters is gold, and she's buying a stairway to heaven.’ I just sat there and looked at the words and then I almost leaped out of my seat’”* (34).
“He [Robert Plant] often remarked that he could feel his pen being pushed by some higher authority”* (35).
Plant’s own description of his automatic writing of the lyrics for Stairway To Heaven gives strong evidence that he and the band were channels for supernatural power. Since the power they were seeking and serving was Satanic we can be sure that Satan is the author of these messages, especially because of the deceptive and malevolent teachings found in it.
Pan the Piper is presented to the listeners of Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway To Heaven” as the one who is “calling you to join him”. Pan represents the musical Piper (Lucifer, player of pipes). The lyrics below are among those that promote this worship of the ancient Greek god Pan in conjunction with the teaching of spiritual rebirth/regeneration – “born again Satanism!”:
 |
AND IT’S WHISPERED THAT SOON
IF WE ALL CALL THE TUNE THEN THE PIPER WILL LEAD US TO REASON. AND A NEW DAY WILL DAWN FOR THOSE WHO STAND LONG AND THE FORESTS WILL ECHO WITH LAUGHTER YOUR HEAD IS HUMMING AND IT WON’T GO IN CASE YOU DON’T KNOW THE PIPER’S CALLING YOU TO JOIN HIM DEAR LADY CAN YOU HEAR THE WIND BLOW AND DID YOU KNOW YOUR STAIRWAY LIES ON THE WHISPERING WIND |
Aleister Crowley presented “Reason” to be “Absolute Truth” in his writings. The lyrics tell the student of Aleister Crowley that he seeks the “tune”, meaning the music’s hidden message, then Lucifer will lead him to “Absolute Truth”. This is supposed to cause a “new day to dawn” (spiritual rebirth) which will cause the “forests to echo with laughter”.
Led Zeppelin biographer Ritchie Yorke addressed the spiritual rebirth spoken of in “Stairway To Heaven” in his book Led Zeppelin – The Definitive Biography (emphasis mine):
“The appeal of “Stairway To Heaven” as a musical piece is self-evident. Its lyrics seemed to embody the individual’s prevailing quest for a spiritual rebirth”* (36).
Led Zeppelin author Stephen Davis wrote of the implications of spiritual regeneration in “Stairway to Heaven” (emphasis mine):
“With its starkly pagan imagery of trees and brooks, pipers and the May Queen, shining white light and the forest echoing with laughter, “Stairway to Heaven” seemed like an invitation to abandon the new traditions and follow the old gods. It expressed an ineffable yearning for spiritual transformation deep in the hearts of the generation for which it was intended. In time, it became their ANTHEM”* (37).
Adonai Is Salvation
In channeling their music and lyrics, Led Zeppelin has followed in the footsteps of Aleister Crowley who taught that the religion of magick is the same (the “song” remains the “same”) all over the world. Their message is that Satan is god, regardless of the name used, except for Jesus Christ. But Satan has deceived Led Zeppelin and their followers, because the true and living God is, THE LORD JESUS CHRIST through whom “ALL THINGS WERE CREATED” and “OF HIM, THROUGH HIM, AND TO HIM, ARE ALL THINGS” (Colossians 1:16 and Romans 11:36).
A relationship with God through the Lord Jesus Christ is the only answer to the problem that plagues every man, woman, and child today: SIN, which causes SEPARATION from God. Sinners (those who reject Jesus’ command to walk the “narrow path” by “by faith through grace”) are going to reap what the Bible gives a clear warning about – “the wages of sin is death” (Romans 3:23) – being eternally resigned to despair and darkness, without hope forever.
In 1998 Jimmy Page reunited with Robert Plant to produce their tribute album to Delta Blues guitarist Robert Johnson, entitled “Walking Into Clarksdale”. Johnson is said to have sold his soul to the devil at the “crossroads” in Clarksdale, Mississippi in exchange for musical prowess. Page commented on the spiritual dynamics experienced when he and Plant reunited for the project, saying:
“When we first got back together, it was so immediately apparent that the two of us were just channeling the music. That's what we had always had, and it was so apparent that it was there. It was almost effortless. It was undeniable, and it was something not to be abused”* (38).
Page spoke of receiving the music, that is was “not to be abused”. But Page and Plant DO abuse the Creator and His gift of music through their open rebellion against Jesus Christ and their undermining of God’s Word of truth that JESUS is the only WAY to ADONAI (GOD) in HEAVEN:
“Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God” - John 3:3 (KJV).
New birth into the kingdom of God is not experienced through the Satanic “godhead” of male god/female goddess (depicted as the “lady who shines white light” in rock n’ roll anthem, “Stairway To Heaven”) or the Satanic “trinity” of Osiris, Isis, and Horus, symbolized by John Bonham’s “rune” that appears on the label of Led Zeppelin IV – but through surrender to God and an ongoing pursuit of a personal relationship with the Lord Jesus Christ.
Old Scratch – The Dragon
Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway To Heaven” contains the message “…There are two (2) paths to go by –but there’s still time to change the road you’re on.” The song states that “the Piper” is “calling you to join him”. A character that is symbolic of Satan in addition to Pan the Piper is the “great red dragon” of the Book of Revelation. Aleister Crowley believed the dragon to be a “symbol of change”. Jimmy Page proudly wears the dragon on his stage outfits, demonstrating his desire to lead his audiences into “change” (allegiance to Satan). But the Bible tells us that Jesus Christ defanged the dragon when He overcame sin and death on the Cross.
“(1) Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made. (13) And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat” - Genesis 3:1, 13 (KJV).
“(3) And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. (9) And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him. (12) Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time” - Revelation 12:3, 9, 12 (KJV).
“(2) And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, (3) And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season. (10) And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.” - Revelation 20:2-3 (KJV).
The Led Zeppelin Curse *(39)
The rock group Led Zeppelin came crashing down after the sudden and unexpected death of their drummer, John Bonham. Zeppelin, who sang about having hell hounds on their trail, met with many bizarre tragedies before their ultimate demise. In 1975 both Robert Plant and his former wife Maureen were severely injured in an almost-fatal car accident while driving on the island of Rhodes, Greece.
Rock journalist Gary Herman, in his book Rock n’ Roll Babylon noted the strange course of events that came to be known as “The Led Zeppelin Curse”. Picking up in 1976, Herman states:
“It is certainly true that as a group Led Zeppelin has had a peculiarly tragic record of untimely deaths and severe accidents associated with themselves and their entourage.”
In 1976, Led Zeppelin associate Keith Harwood died in mysterious circumstances. Afterwards Keith Relf, who had been the vocalist for The Yardbirds and a key player in the formation Led Zeppelin, committed suicide. And the wife of Led Zeppelin’s road manager, Richard Cole, also died. In 1977 Robert Plant’s five-year-old son Karac died of a viral infection while the group was touring in America. Herman states that Philip Hale, a photographer and friend of Jimmy Page, died at one of Page’s homes as a result of overdosing on morphine, cocaine, and alcohol. And in 1980, at another of Jimmy Page’s houses, John Bonham met with untimely end.
Bonham, like Jimi Hendrix and Bon Scott (AC/DC) before him, choked to death on his own vomit. According to coroner’s reports Bonham had consumed the equivalent of 40 measures of vodka. Many of the tragedies that had befallen Led Zeppelin were in fact self-inflicted. After doctors referred to the infection that took Robert Plant’s son Karac as “strange” and “very rare”. Robert Plant later said, “Why do these terrible things keep happening? What the _ _ _ _ is going on?!”
A certain disc jockey from Detroit said all these tragedies were a “no brainer”, and provided Plant with what he believed to be the obvious answer. He stated, “If Jimmy Page would just lay off all that mystical, hocus-pocus, occult stuff and stop unleashing all those evil forces.” Jimmy Page sought to evade what was becoming more and more to be known as “The Led Zeppelin Curse” when we said, “A lot of negative things have occurred recently, but tragedies happen.” The London Evening News ran a headline declaring “Led Zeppelin’s Black Magic Mystery”. The article reported, “An unnamed source close to the group commented, ‘It sounds crazy, but Robert Plant and everyone around the band are convinced that Jimmy’s dabbling in black magic is responsible in some way for Bonzo’s death and for all those other tragedies. I think the three remaining members of Zeppelin are a little afraid of what’s going to happen next.’”
Jimmy Page would develop more phobias, after already fearing flying, he would develop vertigo and claustrophobia. Page said he thought he was “reaping my karma, now heavily.” Robert Plant said, “All this success and fame, what’s it worth? It doesn’t’ mean very much when you compare it to the love of family.”
Sadly, the millions and millions of people who follow after Led Zeppelin and other rock bands are themselves being led by the same demonic spirits, down the road to destruction. In Led Zeppelin song “Celebration Day”, they state:
“…And her voice is sore from shouting
Cheering winners who are losing
And she worries if her days are few
And soon they’ll have to go…
There’s a train that leaves the station
Heading for your destination
But the price you pay to nowhere
Has increased a dollar more…
And if you walk you’re gonna get there
Though it takes a little longer
And when you see it in the distance
You will wring your hands and moan…”
God’s Word says of those who like John Bonham and so many of these rock stars who lived a self-absorbed and self-deceived life, rather for Christ, would be surprised on the day of their death:
“Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided?” - Luke 12:20 (KJV)
Avoid Mayhem
John Bonham died outside of God’s will for his life (he died in sin). This was the cause of his physical and spiritual death. His selfish lifestyle left his wife without her husband and his children without their father.
“And whosoever shall offend one of these little ones that believe in me, it is better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea. And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. And if thy foot offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter halt into life, than having two feet to be cast into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out: it is better for thee to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched” - Mark 9:42-48 (KJV).
Led Zeppelin has put evil for good, darkness for light, and bitter for sweet in their pursuit to promote and glorify their lord, Satan. As the passage in Isaiah 5 says, the devil’s pay is not good, but BITTER indeed (those who die out of God’s will for their lives are going to have to pay the Piper):
“Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight! Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink: Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him! Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel” – Isaiah 5:20-24 (KJV).
Led Zeppelin’s surviving members and others who seek life some other way than through Jesus are under a strong delusion and deception…
“And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light” - 2 Corinthians 11:14 (KJV).
“The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way: but the folly of fools is deceit.” - Proverbs 14:8 (KJV).
“…Come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you, And will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty” - 2 Corinthians 6:17-18 (KJV).
Robert Johnson sold his soul to the devil in Rosedale, Mississippi* (40)
Posted by Rolf on April 16, 2004 09:53 PM
Last month, while I was driving down the Mississippi River on a magazine assignment, I had a curious experience in Rosedale, Mississippi. As I was eating lunch in a place called Leo's Market, a waitress mentioned that Rosedale is the place where the legendary bluesman Robert Johnson sold his soul to the devil in exchange for musical genius. As if to prove it, the waitress handed me a wrinkled, typewritten transcription of a "vision" about Johnson's fateful moment that had appeared to bluesman Henry Goodman as he was traveling the road from Rosedale to Anguila. For the sake of posterity (and because I have never seen it elsewhere), I am publishing Goodman's "vision" in full below.
Interestingly, there are other contenders in the myth of Robert Johnson's devil-purchased soul -- and the crossroads of US 61 and US 49 in Clarksdale is where most blues tourists pay their respects. Of course -- as with ancient Roman tourists setting off to find "sites" from Greek myths -- the location of Johnson's crossroads is not exactly something that can be proven. He was born in Hazelhurst, and his supposed grave is in Quito (near Itta Bena) -- but Rosedale did figure in the lyrics for one of Johnson's most famous songs, "Traveling Riverside Blues".
"Lord, I'm goin' to Rosedale," he wails, "gon' take my rider by my side."
None of this proves much about Robert Johnson's crossroads, of course, but I for one like the notion that it happened in Rosedale.
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Meeting with the Devil at the Crossroads
A "vision", as told by Henry Goodman
Robert Johnson been playing down in Yazoo City and over at Beulah trying to get back up to Helena, ride left him out on a road next to the levee, walking up the highway, guitar in his hand propped up on his shoulder. October cool night, full moon filling up the dark sky, Robert Johnson thinking about Son House preaching to him, "Put that guitar down, boy, you drivin' people nuts." Robert Johnson needing as always a woman and some whiskey. Big trees all around, dark and lonesome road, a crazed, poisoned dog howling and moaning in a ditch alongside the road sending electrified chills up and down Robert Johnson's spine, coming up on a crossroads just south of Rosedale. Robert Johnson, feeling bad and lonesome, knows people up the highway in Gunnison. Can get a drink of whiskey and more up there. Man sitting off to the side of the road on a log at the crossroads says, "You're late, Robert Johnson." Robert Johnson drops to his knees and says, "Maybe not."
The man stands up, tall, barrel-chested, and black as the forever-closed eyes of Robert Johnson's stillborn baby, and walks out to the middle of the crossroads where Robert Johnson kneels. He says, "Stand up, Robert Johnson. You want to throw that guitar over there in that ditch with that hairless dog and go on back up to Robinsonville and play the harp with Willie Brown and Son, because you just another guitar player like all the rest, or you want to play that guitar like nobody ever played it before? Make a sound nobody ever heard before? You want to be the King of the Delta Blues and have all the whiskey and women you want?"
"That's a lot of whiskey and women, Devil-Man."
"I know you, Robert Johnson," says the man.
Robert Johnson, feels the moonlight bearing down on his head and the back of his neck as the moon seems to be growing bigger and bigger and brighter and brighter. He feels it like the heat of the noonday sun bearing down, and the howling and moaning of the dog in the ditch penetrates his soul, coming up through his feet and the tips of his fingers through his legs and arms, settling in that big empty place beneath his breastbone causing him to shake and shudder like a man with the palsy. Robert Johnson says, "That dog gone mad."
The man laughs. "That hound belong to me. He ain't mad, he's got the Blues. I got his soul in my hand."
The dog lets out a low, long soulful moan, a howling like never heard before, rhythmic, syncopated grunts, yelps, and barks, seizing Robert Johnson like a Grand Mal, and causing the strings on his guitar to vibrate, hum, and sing with a sound dark and blue, beautiful, soulful chords and notes possessing Robert Johnson, taking him over, spinning him around, losing him inside of his own self, wasting him, lifting him up into the sky. Robert Johnson looks over in the ditch and sees the eyes of the dog reflecting the bright moonlight or, more likely so it seems to Robert Johnson, glowing on their own, a deep violet penetrating glow, and Robert Johnson knows and feels that he is staring into the eyes of a Hellhound as his body shudders from head to toe.
The man says, "The dog ain't for sale, Robert Johnson, but the sound can be yours. That's the sound of the Delta Blues."
"I got to have that sound, Devil-Man. That sound is mine. Where do I sign?"
The man says, "You ain't got a pencil, Robert Johnson. Your word is good enough. All you got to do is keep walking north. But you better be prepared. There are consequences."
"Prepared for what, Devil-man?"
"You know where you are, Robert Johnson? You are standing in the middle of the crossroads. At midnight, that full moon is right over your head. You take one more step, you'll be in Rosedale. You take this road to the east, you'll get back over to Highway 61 in Cleveland, or you can turn around and go back down to Beulah or just go to the west and sit up on the levee and look at the River. But if you take one more step in the direction you're headed, you going to be in Rosedale at midnight under this full October moon, and you are going to have the Blues like never known to this world. My left hand will be forever wrapped around your soul, and your music will possess all who hear it. That's what's going to happen. That's what you better be prepared for. Your soul will belong to me. This is not just any crossroads. I put this "X" here for a reason, and I been waiting on you."
Robert Johnson rolls his head around, his eyes upwards in their sockets to stare at the blinding light of the moon which has now completely filled tie pitch-black Delta night, piercing his right eye like a bolt of lightning as the midnight hour hits. He looks the big man squarely in the eyes and says, "Step back, Devil-Man, I'm going to Rosedale. I am the Blues."
The man moves to one side and says, "Go on, Robert Johnson. You the King of the Delta Blues. Go on home to Rosedale. And when you get on up in town, you get you a plate of hot tamales because you going to be needing something on your stomach where you're headed."
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Postscript
From the Crossroads Blues Society, Rosedale, Mississippi
People say that the crossroads where Robert Johnson made the pact with the devil is in Clarksdale where Highway 49 intersects with Highway 61. But, as can be seen from the events described above, that's not the case. The crossroads, the one and only crossroads, where the Delta Blues emerged as a manifest entity in the person and music of Robert Johnson is at the south end of Rosedale where Highway 8 intersects with Highway 1. This will be disputed, as some people will dispute that Robert Johnson ever even made a deal with the devil. But the preacher man, Son House, knew. Even though he wasn't a preacher. And, if Son House were alive today, he would set the story right.
Truth is, nobody was there when the deal went down but Robert Johnson and the devil. This statement will likely cause some people to say 'well, just where in hell did the events described above come from if nobody was there to witness them?' A reasonable question about a spiritual event. Realms must be observed. Or, at least, felt. The events described were witnessed in a Vision. With a capital "V". Not just any vision, but a visual spiritual experience more real and true than the reality and truth encountered on a day to day basis in the everyday physical world in which life goes on. A spiritual Vision about a spiritual event. Both in the same realm. Plus, the devil hangs close to the Mississippi River, and putting down his "X" as far away from the River as Clarksdale is simply something that would not happen. Voodoo oozes from New Orleans for a reason...
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“Hell Hound On My Trail”
Johnson’s “Hellhound On My Trail” leaves a legacy of a man who experienced a feeling of personal frenzy. The lyrics of the song reflect an agonized spirit for whom there is no escape. The vision of the hounds of hell coming to catch sinners was prevalent in southern churches at that time, and this may have been the image in Johnson's mind.
I got to keep movinnnn', I got to keep movinnnn',
Blues fallin' down like hail, blues fallin' down like hail,
And the day keeps on worring' me, there's a hell-hound on my trail,
Hell-hound on my trail, hell-hound on my trail…
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For an illustrated version of a man selling his soul to Satan, see “The Contract” (below):
- Click on picture to read - |
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Hear Pastor Joe Shimmel (Good Fight Ministries) tell of his days of “automatic writing” (demonic inspiration) of guitar music and song lyrics, the same writing method used in Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway To Heaven” (below):
|
- Joe Schimmel's Testimony - (Download WMA Audio) |
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Hear and see the demonically-inspired backwards messages “Here’s to my sweet Satan”, “I want to live it backwards like the Zep, whose power is Satan”, and “He will give you, give you 6-6-6” as the Led Zeppelin song “Stairway To Heaven” is played backwards (below):
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- Backmasking in “Stairway To Heaven” - (Download MPG Video) |
Watch the BBC documentary “Masters Of Darkness: Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World” on YouTube (below):
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To receive a free copy of the BBC documentary “Masters Of Darkness: Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World” and the long version of Joe Schimmel’s personal testimony on DVD (which includes the backwards messages contained in “Stairway To Heaven” and the “automatic writing” experiences he had as a teenage musician), e-mail or write to the address below:
Alan Richardson
P.O.Box 640109
El Paso, TX 79904
Email: alan@fmh-child.org
For the reader seeking and exhaustively documented and detailed history of Led Zeppelin and their music including the meanings of many of their songs and much more, I recommend Fallen Angel: The Untold Story Of Jimmy Page And Led Zeppelin by Thomas W. Friend.
Alan W. Richardson
May 1, 2008
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References:
(1) Mick Wall: “No Way Out”, pg. 86 (2005) (Wikipedia, Led Zeppelin)
(2) Sold on Song, Stairway to Heaven (Wikipedia, Stairway To Heaven)
(3) Stairway to Heaven: “Is This the Greatest Song of All Time?” (Wikipedia, Stairway To Heaven)
(4) Wikipedia: RIAA Certification
(5) Led Zeppelin brings down the house/ VH1 Welcomes the Return of the “Third Annual UK Music Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony”/The Local/The Telegraph (Wikipedia, Led Zeppelin)
(6) Wikipedia: Led Zeppelin IV
(7) Ibid.
(8) Aleister Crowley, The Book Of The Law (AL I:40)
(9) Straightdope.com: Rock n’ Roll
(10) They Sold Their Souls For Rock n’ Roll (documentary, Good Fight Ministries)
(11) Ibid.
(12) Aleister Crowley, Alcedama: A Place To Bury Strangers In. A Philosophical Poem. By a Gentleman of the University of Cambridge (1898)
(13) Aleister Crowley, The Confessions Of Aleister Crowley, pg. 93
(14) Ibid., pg. 75
(15) Aleister Crowley, The World’s Tragedy, pp. xxviii-xxxi (preface)
(16) Masters Of Darkness (BBC documentary): Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World
(17) Francois Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel (chapter 1)
(18) Masters Of Darkness (BBC documentary): Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World
(19) Texas Governor George W. Bush Is Also A Member Of The Illuminist Satanic Secret Society, Skull And Bones, Cuttingedgeministries.com, updated on September 16, 2001
(20) Trevor Ravenscroft, Spear of Destiny, pgs. 164-5
(21) Ibid., pg. 167
(22) Masters Of Darkness (BBC documentary): Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World
(23) Wikipedia: Boleskine House
(24) Masters Of Darkness (BBC documentary): Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World
(25) Wikipedia: Boleskine House
(26) Masters Of Darkness: Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World
(27) Wikipedia: Boleskine House
(28) Thomas Friend, Fallen Angel: The Untold Story Of Jimmy Page And Led Zeppelin, pg. 314
(29) Masters Of Darkness: Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World (BBC documentary)
(30) Ibid.
(31) Thomas Friend, Fallen Angel: The Untold Story Of Jimmy Page And Led Zeppelin, pp. 169-170
(32) Masters Of Darkness: Aleister Crowley – The Wickedest Man In The World (BBC documentary)
(33) Thomas Friend, Fallen Angel: The Untold Story Of Jimmy Page And Led Zeppelin, pg. 318
(34) Ritchie Yorke, Led Zeppelin – The Definitive Biography, pg.136
(35) Stephen Davis, Hammer Of The Gods, pg.262
(36) Ritchie Yorke, Led Zeppelin – The Definitive Biography, pg.137
(37) Stephen Davis, Hammer Of The Gods, pg.133
(38) Atlantic Records Website (atlanticrecords.com)
(39) They Sold Their Souls For Rock n’ Roll (4-part documentary) by Good Fight Ministries
(40) Vagablogging.net
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